How to Draft a Will in Western Australia that Minimises the Risk that it will be Challenged via a Family Provision Claim

July 2, 2025

Understanding Family Provision Claims in Western Australia


Family provision claims allow certain individuals to seek a greater share of a deceased person's estate if they believe they were not adequately provided for. In Western Australia, these claims are governed by the Family Provision Act 1972 (WA). This article addresses key aspects of eligibility, court considerations, and Will-drafting strategies to minimise disputes.


1. Eligibility to Make a Family Provision Claim in WA


Under the Family Provision Act 1972 (WA), the following individuals may apply to the Supreme Court for a larger share of an estate:


  • Spouses or de facto partners (current or former, if receiving maintenance from the deceased).
  • Children, including those born within 10 months after death.
  • Grandchildren who were either:
  • Maintained by the deceased before death; or
  • Living at the time of death with a parent who predeceased the deceased.
  • Stepchildren who were maintained by the deceased or where the deceased received >$517,000 from the stepchild's parent's estate.
  • Parents of the deceased.


Claims must be filed within six months of the grant of probate or letters of administration, though extensions are rarely granted.


2. Factors Considered by the Court


When assessing entitlement, the court evaluates:


  • Financial and personal circumstances: The applicant’s age, education, earning capacity, and current resources.
  • Relationship dynamics: The nature of the relationship between the applicant and deceased, including conduct toward each other.
  • Estate composition: The value, type, and liquidity of estate assets.
  • Comparative needs: The financial requirements of other beneficiaries and dependents.
  • Contributions: Any contributions by the applicant to the deceased’s assets or welfare.
  • Existing provisions: What (if any) provision was made for the applicant in the Will.


The court does not assume equal distribution among children or automatically interfere with testamentary freedom.


3. Drafting Wills to Minimise Claim Risks


To reduce the likelihood of successful claims, consider these strategies:


  • Clarity and specificity: Draft a detailed Will that unambiguously outlines asset distribution, reflecting current circumstances and intentions. Ambiguous terms or outdated provisions increase dispute risks.
  • Memorandum of wishes: Attach a non-binding document explaining exclusions or unequal distributions (e.g., estrangement, prior financial support).
  • Proactive communication: Discuss your estate plans with potential claimants to manage expectations and reduce post-death surprises.
  • Regular reviews: Update your will every 3–5 years or after major life events (e.g., marriage, divorce, new dependents).
  • Caution with forfeiture clauses: While "no-contest" clauses (threatening inheritance loss for challengers) may deter claims, they are not legally binding in Western Australia for family provision claims.


Key Takeaways


Understanding eligibility criteria, court evaluation factors, and preventive Will-drafting techniques is essential for effective estate planning in Western Australia. Executors and beneficiaries should seek prompt legal advice when disputes arise, while Will-makers should prioritise clear documentation and open communication to mitigate risks. Professional legal guidance ensures compliance with the Family Provision Act 1972 (WA) and reduces the emotional and financial toll of litigation.


May 13, 2026
The Federal Budget announced on 12 May 2026 introduces a minimum 30% tax on certain discretionary trusts, but Testamentary Discretionary Trusts remain a powerful and practical Estate Planning tool for most families. What the Budget changed — quickly and clearly The Government has proposed a minimum 30% tax on the taxable income of discretionary trusts, to apply at trustee level from the legislation’s effective date as announced in the Budget. The measure is designed to limit income-splitting through discretionary trusts and to bring trust taxation closer to the taxation of other entities. Certain trusts and types of income are excluded from the measure — including Fixed Testamentary Trusts and Special Disability Trusts created by Wills, and income from assets of Testamentary Discretionary Trusts that existed at announcement time. The real headline you should read first Despite the headlines, Testamentary Discretionary Trusts remain a strong Estate-Planning choice — they still protect inheritances from relationship breakdowns and give your Executor and family the flexibility to manage distributions over time. Where a trust already distributes income to beneficiaries who pay tax at 30% or more, there will be no increase in the overall tax paid — the Budget’s minimum tax simply matches what those beneficiaries already pay. How the new tax will actually affect families For families that historically flowed trust income to low‑tax-rate beneficiaries (for example, children with little other income), the trustee-level 30% will increase tax payable unless the family’s overall tax position already sat at or above that rate. Non-corporate beneficiaries will receive non-refundable tax credits for tax paid by the trustee, which reduces the risk of double taxation though it does not create a refund if the beneficiary’s personal rate is lower than 30%. Why you should still consider a Testamentary Discretionary Trust ( TDT ) Protection from relationship breakdowns: A TDT ring‑fences the inheritance and makes it far harder for divorcing spouses or de facto partners to claim those assets directly. This protection is often the primary reason clients choose TDTs, and it is unaffected by the Budget change. Control and tailored distributions: TDTs let you set rules for how and when beneficiaries benefit — essential where beneficiaries are young, vulnerable, have special needs, or where blended families require careful balancing. Tax planning remains possible: Although some tax advantages may be reduced for low‑income beneficiaries, many families will see no net tax rise because distributions are already taxed at higher marginal rates. Even where there is more tax payable, the trade-off with asset protection and control can still make a TDT the better choice. Practical next steps for your Estate Plan Don’t panic — review, don’t rip up: If you already have a Will with a Testamentary Discretionary Trust, your plan may be unaffected depending on timing and how distributions are made; get tailored advice before taking action. If you are planning a new Will, speak to an advisor about how a TDT will sit alongside the announced minimum tax rules, whether rollover relief or restructuring options are relevant to you, and whether a Fixed Testamentary Trust or alternate structure may be preferable. Consider cashflow and timing: the trustee will pay tax at the trustee level, so trustees may need to allow for the timing of tax payments and the availability of credits to beneficiaries. A short illustration Family A distributes trust income largely to adult children who already pay tax at 32% — the imposition of a 30% trustee tax will not increase their family’s total tax burden. Family B distributes to low‑income minor children who pay little or no tax — Family B may face higher tax under the new rules. How Crabtree Legal can help At Crabtree Legal, we continue to recommend Testamentary Discretionary Trusts as a cornerstone of well-structured Estate Plans. If you are reviewing your Will or considering whether a Testamentary Discretionary Trust is appropriate for your circumstances, then we'd be happy to provide you with tailored advice.
March 20, 2026
A new year is the perfect time to revisit an important question: is your Will still up to date? Many people make a Will once and then leave it untouched for years. But life rarely stays still. Relationships change, children are born, assets are bought and sold, businesses evolve, and family circumstances shift. A Will that once reflected your wishes may no longer do so. For that reason, reviewing your Will regularly is one of the simplest ways to protect the people and assets that matter most. Why people delay updating their Will It is easy to put off Estate Planning. Some people assume their Will is “good enough” because nothing dramatic has happened. Others feel uncomfortable thinking about what happens after they are gone. In practice, the most common reason Wills become outdated is not neglect in a dramatic sense, but everyday change. You may have: Married or separated. Had children or grandchildren. Bought property. Started or sold a business. Gained or lost significant assets. Named an Executor who is no longer suitable or available. If any of these apply, your current Will may need review. What can happen if a Will is outdated An outdated Will can create confusion, delay, and conflict at exactly the moment your family is already dealing with loss. It may also fail to reflect your real intentions. For example, assets may pass to someone you no longer intended to benefit, or a chosen Executor may no longer be the right person to manage the Estate. In some cases, the wording of an old Will can even create disputes that could have been avoided with a simple update. When to review your Will A good rule of thumb is to review your Will after any major life event, and otherwise every few years. You should consider an update if you have experienced: A marriage, divorce, or de facto relationship change. The birth or adoption of children. A death in the family. A major change in assets or liabilities. A move interstate or overseas. A change in your wishes about guardianship for your children, gifts, or Executors. Even if nothing major has changed, a periodic review helps ensure your instructions remain clear and legally effective. A simple process can prevent future problems Updating a Will does not have to be complicated. In many cases, a short review with a lawyer is enough to confirm whether the existing document still works or whether a new will is needed. A proper review can also identify related issues, including: Powers of attorney. Appointment of guardians. Superannuation nominations. Business succession arrangements. Asset ownership structures. These matters often work together, so an estate plan should be considered as a whole rather than as a single document. The takeaway The start of a new year is a useful reminder to get organised, and your Will should be part of that process. If your circumstances have changed, or if it has been several years since your last review, now is a sensible time to take another look. A current, well-drafted Will can save your family stress later and help ensure your wishes are carried out clearly.  Contact Crabtree Legal today for practical advice on updating your estate plan and protecting the people you care about most.
December 23, 2025
As we wrap up the year, we want to extend our heartfelt thanks to everyone who has supported Crabtree Legal since we commenced operations in May 2025. It’s been a privilege to serve our clients, collaborate with our partners, and begin building a legal practice grounded in integrity and community. We wish you and your loved ones a joyful Christmas filled with rest, connection, and gratitude. May the new year ahead be blessed with peace, purpose, and new opportunities. Thank you for being part of our journey. We look forward to supporting you in 2026. Warm regards, Jonathan Crabtree & the Crabtree Legal team